As a women’s health advocate and menopause provider, I would like to shed light on two conditions that can dramatically impact quality of life and health outcomes for women - premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and early menopause. Both of these conditions can bring about challenges, both physically and emotionally, but with proper diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment approach, women can effectively manage their symptoms and preserve their overall health and well-being.
What is Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)?
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a condition where the ovaries stop functioning normally before the age of 40, leading to reduced estrogen production and irregular or absent menstruation. It is estimated that 1% of women will develop POI by the age of 40. The diagnostic criteria for POI includes:
Oligomenorrhea (menstrual cycle length > 35 days) or lack of menstruation for at least 4 months.
Elevated levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (> 25 IU/L) on two separate occasions at least 4 weeks apart.
Ruling out other conditions that may cause menstrual disturbances.
It is essential to note that while some women with POI may experience typical menopausal symptoms, others may not. A diagnosis of POI can be devastating for women, as it may affect their fertility and overall quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach with specialist care is often recommended in these cases with the goal of providing emotional support, general information, fertility options, and tailored medications for optimal outcomes.
Understanding Early Menopause
Early menopause, on the other hand, is characterized by menopause, defined as the absence of menstruation for 12 consecutive months, occurring between the ages of 40-45 years. Natural early menopause is estimated to occur in 3-5% of the population, while surgical interventions, such as the removal of ovaries and uterus for medical reasons, can also lead to early menopause.
Importance of Hormone Therapy for POI and Early Menopause
One of the primary treatment approaches for both POI and early menopause is hormone therapy. Hormone therapy involves the administration of estrogen and, in some cases, progestin/progesterone to help mitigate the long-term effects of estrogen deprivation on various organ systems, including:
Cardiovascular System: Estrogen plays a critical role in maintaining cardiovascular health by regulating cholesterol levels and promoting healthy blood flow. Estrogen deprivation can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Mental Health: Estrogen has a significant impact on mood regulation and cognitive function. Women experiencing estrogen deficiency may be at higher risk of depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline.
Genitourinary and Sexual Health: Estrogen deficiency can lead to vaginal dryness, discomfort during intercourse, and urinary symptoms. Hormone therapy can help alleviate these symptoms and improve sexual health.
Bone Health: Estrogen is essential for maintaining bone density and strength. Estrogen deficiency can increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.
Seeking Help and Support
Receiving a diagnosis of POI or early menopause can be emotionally challenging for women. It is essential to seek support from healthcare providers, family, and friends to navigate through this journey. Remember, you are not alone, and there are treatment options available to help manage symptoms and maintain your overall health.
If you suspect you may be experiencing symptoms of POI or early menopause, please reach out to a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and management. Remember, taking proactive steps towards your health and well-being is a crucial part of living a fulfilling and healthy life.
In health and wellness,
Dr. Meghan van Drimmelen, ND
Reference:
The Menopause Society. (2019). Menopause practice: A clinician’s guide (6th ed.).